# PostgreSQL maintenance

This document shows you how to perform various maintenance tasks related to the Postgres database server used by Matrix.

Table of contents:

- [Getting a database terminal](#getting-a-database-terminal), for when you wish to execute SQL queries

- [Vacuuming PostgreSQL](#vacuuming-postgresql), for when you wish to run a Postgres [VACUUM](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/sql-vacuum.html) (optimizing disk space)

- [Backing up PostgreSQL](#backing-up-postgresql), for when you wish to make a backup

- [Upgrading PostgreSQL](#upgrading-postgresql), for upgrading to new major versions of PostgreSQL. Such **manual upgrades are sometimes required**.


## Getting a database terminal

You can use the `/usr/local/bin/matrix-postgres-cli` tool to get interactive terminal access ([psql](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/11/app-psql.html)) to the PostgreSQL server.

If you are using an [external Postgres server](configuring-playbook-external-postgres.md), the above tool will not be available.


## Vacuuming PostgreSQL

To perform a `FULL` Postgres [VACUUM](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/sql-vacuum.html), run the playbook with `--tags=run-postgres-vacuum`.

Example:

```bash
ansible-playbook -i inventory/hosts setup.yml --tags=run-postgres-vacuum,start
```

**Note**: this will automatically stop Synapse temporarily and restart it later. You'll also need plenty of available disk space in your Postgres data directory (usually `/matrix/postgres/data`).


## Backing up PostgreSQL

To make a back up of the current PostgreSQL database, make sure it's running and then execute a command like this on the server:

```bash
docker run \
--rm \
--network=matrix \
--env-file=/matrix/postgres/env-postgres-psql \
postgres:12.0-alpine \
pg_dumpall -h matrix-postgres \
| gzip -c \
> /postgres.sql.gz
```

If you are using an [external Postgres server](configuring-playbook-external-postgres.md), the above command will not work, because the credentials file (`/matrix/postgres/env-postgres-psql`) is not available.

Restoring a backup made this way can be done by [importing it](importing-postgres.md).


## Upgrading PostgreSQL

Unless you are using an [external Postgres server](configuring-playbook-external-postgres.md), this playbook initially installs Postgres for you.

Once installed, the playbook attempts to preserve the Postgres version it starts with.
This is because newer Postgres versions cannot start with data generated by older Postgres versions.

Upgrades must be performed manually.

This playbook can upgrade your existing Postgres setup with the following command:

	ansible-playbook -i inventory/hosts setup.yml --tags=upgrade-postgres

**The old Postgres data directory is backed up** automatically, by renaming it to `/matrix/postgres-auto-upgrade-backup`.
To rename to a different path, pass some extra flags to the command above, like this: `--extra-vars="postgres_auto_upgrade_backup_data_path=/another/disk/matrix-postgres-before-upgrade"`

The auto-upgrade-backup directory stays around forever, until you **manually decide to delete it**.

As part of the upgrade, the database is dumped to `/tmp`, an upgraded and empty Postgres server is started, and then the dump is restored into the new server.
To use a different directory for the dump, pass some extra flags to the command above, like this: `--extra-vars="postgres_dump_dir=/directory/to/dump/here"`

**All databases, roles, etc. on the Postgres server are migrated**.