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Storing Synapse media files on Amazon S3 with synapse-s3-storage-provider (optional)

If you'd like to store Synapse's content repository (media_store) files on Amazon S3 (or other S3-compatible service), you can use the synapse-s3-storage-provider media provider module for Synapse.

synapse-s3-storage-provider support is very new and still relatively untested. Using it may cause data loss.

An alternative (which has worse performance) is to use Goofys to mount the S3 store to the local filesystem.

How it works?

Summarized writings here are inspired by this article.

The way media storage providers in Synapse work has some caveats:

Synapse still continues to use locally-stored files (for creating thumbnails, serving files, etc)
the media storage provider is just an extra storage mechanism (in addition to the local filesystem)
all files are stored locally at first, and then copied to the media storage provider (either synchronously or asynchronously)
if a file is not available on the local filesystem, it's pulled from a media storage provider

You may be thinking if all files are stored locally as well, what's the point?

You can run some scripts to delete the local files once in a while (which we do automatically by default - see Periodically cleaning up the local filesystem), thus freeing up local disk space. If these files are needed in the future (for serving them to users, etc.), Synapse will pull them from the media storage provider on demand.

While you will need some local disk space around, it's only to accommodate usage, etc., and won't grow as large as your S3 store.

Installing

After creating the S3 bucket and configuring it, you can proceed to configure s3-storage-provider in your configuration file (inventory/host_vars/matrix.<your-domain>/vars.yml):

matrix_synapse_ext_synapse_s3_storage_provider_enabled: true
matrix_synapse_ext_synapse_s3_storage_provider_config_bucket: your-bucket-name
matrix_synapse_ext_synapse_s3_storage_provider_config_region_name: some-region-name # e.g. eu-central-1
matrix_synapse_ext_synapse_s3_storage_provider_config_endpoint_url: https://s3.REGION_NAME.amazonaws.com # adjust this
matrix_synapse_ext_synapse_s3_storage_provider_config_access_key_id: access-key-goes-here
matrix_synapse_ext_synapse_s3_storage_provider_config_secret_access_key: secret-key-goes-here
matrix_synapse_ext_synapse_s3_storage_provider_config_storage_class: STANDARD # or STANDARD_IA, etc.

# S3 Server Side Encryption with a Customer provided key (SSE-C) can also be configured as follows
# This is not recommended unless you understand what you are doing, and may make restoring from backups additionally challenging
# You can read more about SSE-C here: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/userguide/ServerSideEncryptionCustomerKeys.html
matrix_synapse_ext_synapse_s3_storage_provider_config_sse_customer_enabled: true
matrix_synapse_ext_synapse_s3_storage_provider_config_sse_customer_key: ssec-key-goes-here # Generate with: cat /dev/urandom | base64 | head -c 32
matrix_synapse_ext_synapse_s3_storage_provider_config_sse_customer_algo: AES256
# Using the git version is also required until > v1.1.2 is released
matrix_synapse_ext_synapse_s3_storage_provider_version: git

# For additional advanced settings, take a look at `roles/custom/matrix-synapse/defaults/main.yml`

If you have existing files in Synapse's media repository (/matrix/synapse/media-store/..):

new files will start being stored both locally and on the S3 store
the existing files will remain on the local filesystem only until migrating them to the S3 store
at some point (and periodically in the future), you can delete local files which have been uploaded to the S3 store already

Regardless of whether you need to Migrate your existing files to the S3 store or not, make sure you've familiarized yourself with How it works? above and Periodically cleaning up the local filesystem below.

Migrating your existing media files to the S3 store

Migrating your existing data can happen in multiple ways:

using the s3_media_upload script from synapse-s3-storage-provider (very slow when dealing with lots of data)
using another tool in combination with s3_media_upload (quicker when dealing with lots of data)

Using the `s3_media_upload` script from `synapse-s3-storage-provider`

Instead of using s3_media_upload directly, which is very slow and painful for an initial data migration, we recommend using another tool in combination with s3_media_upload.

To copy your existing files, SSH into the server and run /matrix/synapse/ext/s3-storage-provider/bin/shell.

This launches a Synapse container, which has access to the local media store, Postgres database, S3 store and has some convenient environment variables configured for you to use (MEDIA_PATH, BUCKET, ENDPOINT, UPDATE_DB_DAYS, etc).

Then use the following commands ($ values come from environment variables - they're not placeholders that you need to substitute):

s3_media_upload update-db $UPDATE_DB_DURATION - create a local SQLite database (cache.db) with a list of media repository files (from the synapse Postgres database) eligible for operating on
- $UPDATE_DB_DURATION is influenced by the matrix_synapse_ext_synapse_s3_storage_provider_update_db_day_count variable (defaults to 0)
- $UPDATE_DB_DURATION defaults to 0d (0 days), which means include files which haven't been accessed for more than 0 days (that is, all files will be included).
s3_media_upload check-deleted $MEDIA_PATH - check whether files in the local cache still exist in the local media repository directory
s3_media_upload upload $MEDIA_PATH $BUCKET --delete --storage-class $STORAGE_CLASS --endpoint-url $ENDPOINT - uploads locally-stored files to S3 and deletes them from the local media repository directory

The s3_media_upload upload command may take a lot of time to complete.

Instead of running the above commands manually in the shell, you can also run the /matrix/synapse/ext/s3-storage-provider/bin/migrate script which will run the same commands automatically. We demonstrate how to do it manually, because:

it's what the upstream project demonstrates and it teaches you how to use the s3_media_upload tool
allows you to check and verify the output of each command, to catch mistakes
includes progress bars and detailed output for each command
allows you to easily interrupt slow-running commands, etc. (the /matrix/synapse/ext/s3-storage-provider/bin/migrate starts a container without interactive TTY support, so Ctrl+C may not work and you and require killing via docker kill ..)

Using another tool in combination with `s3_media_upload`

To migrate your existing local data to S3, we recommend to:

first use another tool (aws s3 or b2 sync, etc.) to copy the local files to the S3 bucket
only then use the s3_media_upload tool to finish the migration (this checks to ensure all files are uploaded and then deletes the local files)

Copying data to Amazon S3

Generally, you need to use the aws s3 tool.

This documentation section could use an improvement. Ideally, we'd come up with a guide like the one used in Copying data to Backblaze B2 - running aws s3 in a container, etc.

Copying data to Backblaze B2

To copy to Backblaze B2, start a container like this:

docker run -it --rm \
-w /work \
--env='B2_KEY_ID=YOUR_KEY_GOES_HERE' \
--env='B2_KEY_SECRET=YOUR_SECRET_GOES_HERE' \
--env='B2_BUCKET_NAME=YOUR_BUCKET_NAME_GOES_HERE' \
--mount type=bind,src=/matrix/synapse/storage/media-store,dst=/work,ro \
--entrypoint=/bin/sh \
tianon/backblaze-b2:3.6.0 \
-c 'b2 authorize-account $B2_KEY_ID $B2_KEY_SECRET && b2 sync /work b2://$B2_BUCKET_NAME --skipNewer'

Periodically cleaning up the local filesystem

As described in How it works? above, when new media is uploaded to the Synapse homeserver, it's first stored locally and then also stored on the remote S3 storage.

By default, we periodically ensure that all local files are uploaded to S3 and are then removed from the local filesystem. This is done automatically using:

the /matrix/synapse/ext/s3-storage-provider/bin/migrate script
.. invoked via the matrix-synapse-s3-storage-provider-migrate.service service
.. triggered by the matrix-synapse-s3-storage-provider-migrate.timer timer, every day at 05:00

So.. you don't need to perform any maintenance yourself.

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